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Zusätzliche Referenzen:

R. Aaserud, P. Gramvik, S.R. Olson and J. Jensen.
Creatine supplementation delays onset of fatique during repeated bouts of sprint running.
Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports 8, 247-251 (1998)

Adcock KH, Nedelcu J, Loenneker T, Martin E, Wallimann T, Wagner BP.
Neuroprotection of creatine supplementation in neonatal rats with transient cerebral hypoxia-ischemia.
Dev Neurosci. 2002;24(5):382-8

R. Andrews, P. Greenhaff, S. Curtis, A. Perry, and A.J. Cowley.
The effect of dietary creatine supplementation on skeletal muscle metabolism in congestive heart failure.
Eur. Heart J. 19, 617-622 (1998)

P.D. Balsom, K. Söderlund and B. Ekblom.
Creatine in humans with special reference to creatine supplementation.
Sports Medicine 18, 268-280 (1994)

Bender A, Beckers J, Schneider I, Holter SM, Haack T, Ruthsatz T, Vogt-Weisenhorn DM, Becker L, Genius J, Rujescu D, Irmler M, Mijalski T, Mader M, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Fuchs H, Gailus-Durner V, de Angelis MH, Wurst W, Schmidt J, Klopstock T.
Links Abstract Creatine improves health and survival of mice.
Neurobiol Aging. 2007 Apr 6; [Epub ahead of print]

Th. Bigge
Mein Selbstversuch mit Kreatin.
Deutscher Muskelreport 3, 23-25 (1996)

G. Bergnes, W. Yuan., V.S. Khandekar, M.M.O?Keefe, K.J. Martin, B.A.Teicher and R. Kaddurah-Daouk.
Creatine and Phosphocreatine Analogs: Anticancer Activity and Enzymatic Analysis.
Oncology 8, 121-130 (1996)

S.P Bessman, and P.J Geiger.
Transport of energy in muscle: the phosphorylcreatine shuttle.
Science 211, 449-452 (1981)

D. Brdiczka,, G. Beutner, A. Rück, M. Dolder, and T. Wallimann.
The molecular structure of mitochondrial contact sites. Their role in regulation of energy metabolism and permability transition.
BioFactors 8, 235-242 (1998)

Brewer GJ, Wallimann TW.
Protective effect of the energy precursor creatine against toxicity of glutamate and beta-amyloid in rat hippocampal neurons.
J. Neurochem. 2000 May;74(5):1968-78.

M. Brönnimann, C. Accola, W. Strub, B. Villliger and T. Wallimann.
Beneficial effect of creatine supplementation for high-intensity endurance performance.
The 5th International Symposium on Guanidino Compounds in Biology and Medicine, Sept. 2-3, Yokohama, Japan, Abstract S1-2, p32 (1998)

Bürklen TS, Schlattner U, Homayouni R, Gough K, Rak M, Szeghalmi A, and T. Wallimann.
The Creatine Kinase /Creatine Connection to Alzheimer's Disease: CK Inactivation, APP-CK Complexes, and Focal Creatine Deposits.
J. Biomed. Biotechnol. Volume 2006 (Article ID 335936, Pages 1-11) in press.
http://www.hindawi.com/GetArticle.aspx?doi=10.1155/JBB/2006/35936

A. Casey, D. Constantin-Teodosiu, S.Howell, E. Hultman and P.L. Greenhaff.
Creatine ingestion favorably affects performance and muscle metabolism during maximal exercise in humans.
Am. J. Physiol. 271, E31-37 (1996)

J.F. Clark, Z. Khuchua, A. Kuznetsov, V.A. Saks, and R. Ventura-Clapier.
Compartmentation of creatine kinase isoenzymes in myometrium of gravid guinea pig.
J. Physiol. 466, 553-572 (1993)

J.F. Clark, Z. Khuchua,, E. Boehm, and R. Ventura-Clapier.
Creatine kinase activity associated with the contractile proteins of the guinea-pig carotid artery.
J. Muscle Res. Cell Motil. 15, 432-439 (1994)

C.P. Earnest, A.L. Almada, and T.L. Mitchell.
High-performance capillary electrophoresis-pure creatine monohydrate reduces blood lipids in men and women.
Clinical Science a91, 113-118 (1996)

M. Eder, U. Schlattner, A. Becker, T. Wallimann, W. Kabsch, and K. Fritz-Wolf.
Crystal structure of brain-type creatine kinase at 1.41´ resolution.
Protein Science (in press) (1999)

M. Eppenberger-Eberhardt, I. Riesinger, M.Messerli, P. Schwarb, M. Müler, H.M. Eppenberger, and T. Wallimann.
Adult cardiomyocytes cultured in creatine-deficient medium display large mitochondria with paracrystalline inclusions enriched in CK.
J. Cell Biol. 113, 289-300 (1991)

H. Fakih, N. MacLusky, A. DeCherney, T. Wallimann, and G. Huszar.
Enhancement of human sperm motility and velocity in vitro: The effects of calcium and creatine phosphate.
Fertility and Sterility 46, 938-945 (1986)

M. Francaux, and J.R. Poortmans.
Effects of training and creatine supplement on muscle strenght an body mass.
Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 80, 165-168 (1999)

V.L. Funanage, P. Carango, I.M. Shapiro, T. Tokuoka and R.S. Tuan.
Creatine kinase activity is rquired for mineral deposition and matrix synthesis in endochondral growth cartilage.
Bone and Mineral. 17, 228-236 (1992)

A. Gordon, E. Hultman, L. Kaijser, S. Kristjansson, C.J. Rolf, O. Nyquist, and C. Sylven.
Creatine supplementation in chronic heart failure increases skeletal muscle creatine phosphate and muscle performance.
Cardiovasc. Res. 30, 413-418 (1995)

I. Grazioli, G. Melzi, E. Strumia.
Multicentre controlled study of creatine phosphate in the treatment of heart failure.
Curr. Ther. Res. 52, 271-280 (1992)

P.L. Greenhaff, K. Bodin, K. Soderlund and E. Hultman.
Effect of oral creatine supplementation on skeletal muscle phosphocreatine resynthesis.
Am. J. Physiol. 266, E725-730 (1994)

P.L. Greenhaff.
The nutritional biochemistry of creatine.
J. Nutritional Biochem. 8, 610-618 (1997)

L. Guerrero and T. Wallimann.
Creatine supplementation in health and disease. Effects of chronic creatine ingestion in vivo: Down-regulation of the expression of creatine transporter isoforms in skeletal muscle.
Mol. Cell. Biochem. 184, 427-437 (1998)

F. Hanefeld und E. Hobbiebrunken.
Kreatin zur Verbesserung von Kraft und Ausdauer bei Muskelkrankheiten.
Deutscher Muskelreport 4, 10-11 (1996)

F. Hanefeld.
Oral creatine substitution: indications in creatine defeiciency syndromes and new hopes in neuromuscular diseases and organ protection.
Abstract for the 31st Eur. Maeabolic Group (EMG) meeting, Vienna, May 28-30. (1999)

L. Hagenfeld, U. von Döbeln, G. Solders and L. Kaijser.
Creatine treatment in MELAS.
Muscle and Nerve 17, 1236 (1994)

R.C, Harris.
Effects and safety of dietary and supplementary creatine.
Meeting Internazionale on : “CREATINA: dalla Scienza di Base all Applicatione Clinica”.
Fondazione Giovanni lorenzini, Medical Science Foundation, Via Appiani, 7-20121 Milano, I,
Abstract book p 8 (Meeting of June 4th 1999)

P.Hespel.
Impact of creatine supplementation on muscle performance during exercise, training and rehabilitation.
Meeting Internazionale on : “CREATINA: dalla Scienza di Base all Applicatione Clinica”.
Fondazione Giovanni lorenzini, Medical Science Foundation, Via Appiani, 7-20121 Milano, I,
Abstract book p 11 (Meeting of June 4th 1999)

P.Hespel, B. Op't Eijnde, M.Van Leemputte, B. Urso, P.L. Greenhaff, V. Labarque, S. Dymarkowski, P. Van Hecke, and E.A.Richter.
Oral creatine supplementation facilitates the rehabilitation of disuse atrophy and alters the expression of muscle myogenic factors in humans.
J. Physiol. 536.2, 625-633 (2001)

D. Holtzman, R. Meyers, E.O'Gorman, I. Khait, T. Wallimann, E. Allred, and F. Jensen.
In vivo brain phosphocreatine and ATP regulation in mice fed a creatine analog.
Am. J. Physiol. 272, C1567-1577 (1997)

D. Holtzman, M. Brown, E.O'Gorman, E. Alred, and T. Wallimann.
Brain ATP metabolism in hypoxia-resistent mice fed guanidinopropionic acid.
Dev. Neurosci 20, 469-477 (1998b)

D. Holtzman, A. Togliatti, I. Khait, and F. Jensen.
Creatine increases survival and suppresses seizures in the hypoxic immature rat.
Pediatr. Res. 44, 410-414 (1998b)

E. Hultman, K. Soderlund, J.A.Timmons, G. Cederblad and P.L. Greenhaff.
Muscle creatine loading in men.
J. Appl. Physiol. 81, 232-237 (1996)

J. Hülsemann, F. Manz, T. Wember, G. Schöch.
Die Zufuhr von Kreatin und Kreatinin mit Frauenmilch und Säuglingsmilchpräparaten.
Klin. Pädiat. 199, 292-295 (1987)

G. Huszar, L. Vigue, and M. Morshedi.
Sperm creatine phosphokinase M-isoform ratios and fertilizing potential of men: a blinded study of 84 couples treated with in vitro fertilization.
Fertility and Sterility 57, 882-888 (1992)

Y. Ishida, M. Wyss, W. Hemmer, and T. Wallimann.
Identification of creatine kinase isoenzymes in the guinea-pig: presence of Mi-CK in smooth muscle.
FEBS Lett. 283, 37-43 (1991)

M.S. Juhn, M.Tarnopolsky.
Potential side effects of oral creatine supplementation: a critical review.
Clin. J. of Sport Medicine 8, 298-304 (1998)

M.S. Juhn, M.Tarnopolsky.
Oral creatine supplementation and athletic performance: a critical reveiw.
Clin. J. Sport Med. 8, 286-297 (1998)

P. Kaldis, M. Stolz, M. Wyss, E. Zanolla, B. Rothen-Rutishauser, T. Vorherr, and T. Wallimann.
Identification of two distinctly localized mitochondrial creatine kinase isoenzymes in spermatozoa.
J. Cell Science 109, 2079-2088 (1996)

P. Kaldis, W. Hemmer, E. Zanolla,, D. Holtzman and T. Wallimann.
“Hot spots” of creatine kinase localization in brain: cerebellum, hippocampus and choroid plexus.
Dev. Neurosci. 18, 542-554 (1996)

P. Kaldis, G. Kamp, T. Piendl, and T.Wallimann.
Functions of creatine kinase isoenzymes in spermatozoa.
Advances in Developmental Biology, 5, 275-312, JAI Press (1997)

N.K. Khanna, and B.R. Madan.
Studies on the anti-inflammatory activity of creatine.
Arch. Internatl. Pharmacodyn. Therapy 231, 340-350 (1978)

P. Klivenyi, R.J. Farrante, R.T. Matthews, M.B. Bogsdanov, A.M. Klein, O.A. Andreassen, F. Mueller, M. Wermer, R. Kaddurah-Daouk, and M.F. Beal.
Neuroprotective effects of creatine in a transgenic animal model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Nature Medicine 5, 347-350 (1999)

T.M. Lara, M.S. Wong, J. Rounds, M.K. Robinson, D. W. Wilmore and D. Jacobs.
Skeletal muscle phosphocreatine depletion depresses myocelluar energy status during sepsis.
Archives of Surgery, 133, 1316-1321 (1998)

L.M. Kennaugh, P.G. Arthur, and P.E. Hartmann.
The concentration of creatine and creatine phosphate in sow colostrum and milk throughout lactation and weaning.
Australian J. Agriculture Res. 48, 1105-1110 (1997)

T.Klopstock, V. Schlamp, F. Schmidt, F. Gekler, M. Hartard, D. Pongratz, M. Walter, T. Gasser, A. Straube, M. Dieterich, W. Müller-Felber.
Creatine monohydrate in mitochondrial diseases: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study in 16 patients with chronic progressive external ophtalmoplegia or mitochondrial myopathy.
Neurology 52, Suppl. 2, A543 (1999)

M.Kornacker, Schlattner U, Wallimann T, Verneris MR, Negrin RS, Kornacker B, Staratschek-Jox A, Diehl V, Wolf J.
Hodgkin disease-derived cell lines expressing ubiquitous mitochondrial creatine kinase show growth inhibition by cyclocreatine treatment independent of apoptosis.
Int. J. Cancer. 2001 Nov15;94(4):513-519

H. Lee, J.H. Kim, Y.J. Chae, H. Ogawa,, M.M. Lee, and G.L. Gerton.
Creatine synthesis and transport systems in the male rat reproductive tract.
Biol. of Reproduction 58, 1437-1444 (1998)

J.D. Loike, V.F. Kozler and S.C. Silverstein.
Increased ATP and creatine phosphate turnover in phagocytosing mouse peritoneal macrophages.
J. Biol. Chem. 254, 9558-9564 (1979)

R.T. Matthews, L. Yang, B.G. Jenkins, R.J. Ferrante, B.R. Rosen, R. Kaddurah-Daouk and M.F.Beal.
Neuroprotective effects of creatine and cyclocreatine in animal models of Huntington's disease.
J. Neurosci. 18, 156-163 (1998)

R.T., Matthews, R.J Ferrante, P. Klivenyi, L.C. Yang, A.M. Klein, G. Mueller, R. Kaddurah-Daouk, and M.F. Beal.
Creatine and cyclocreatine attenuate MPTP neurotoxicity.
Exp. Neurol. 157, 142-149 (1999)

E.E. Miller, A.E. Evans and M.Cohn.
Inhibition of rate of tumor growth by creatine and cyclocreatine.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 3304-3308 (1993)

S.M. Mühlebach, M. Gross, T. Wirz, T. Wallimann, J.C. Perriard, and M. Wyss.
Sequence homology and structure predictions of the creatine kinase isoenzymes.
Mol. Cell. Biochem. 133/134, 245-262 (1994)

E. O'Gorman, K.H. Fuchs, P. Tittmann, H. Gross, and T. Wallimann.
Crystalline mitochondrial inclusion bodies isolated from creatine-depleted rat soleus muscle.
J. Cell Sci. 110, 1403-1411. (1997a)

E. O'Gorman, G. Beutner, M. Dolder, A.P. Koretsky, D. Brdiczka, and T. Wallimann.
The role of creatine kinase in inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition.
FEBS Letters 4141, 253-257 (1997b)

A.C. Passaquin, M. Renard, L. Kay, C. Challet, A. Mokhtarian, T. Wallimann and U.T. Rüegg.
Creatine supplementation reduces skeletal muscle degeneration and enhances mitochondrial function in mdx mice.
Neuromuscular Disorders, 12, 174-182 (2002)

O. Pastoris, P. Foppa,, M. Catapano and M. Dossena.
Metabolite concentrations in skeletal muscle of different aged rats submitted to hypoxia and pharmacological treatment with nicergoline.
Exp. Gerontology 33, 303-318 (1998)

M.R. Payne, D.L. Friedman, J.W. Grant, B.M Perryman, and A. W. Strauss.
Creatine kinase isoenzymes are highly regulated during pregnancy in rat uterus and placenta.
Am. J. Physiol. 265, E624-635 (1993)

S.S. Plisk, and R.B. Kreider.
Creatine Controversy ?
Strenght and Conditioning Journal 21, 14-23 (1999)

S. Pulido, A.C. Passaquin, W.J. Leijendekker, C. Challet, T. Wallimann and U.T. Rüegg.
Creatine supplementation improves intracellular calcium handling and survival of mdx skeletal muscle cells.
FEBS Letters 439, 357-362 (1998)

Prass K, Royl G, Lindauer U, Freyer D, Megow D, Dirnagl U, Stockler-Ipsiroglu G, Wallimann T, Priller J.
Improved reperfusion and neuroprotection by creatine in a mouse model of stroke.
J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 2006 Jun 14; [Epub ahead of print]

N.A. Reiss, and A.M. Kaye.
Identification of the major component of the estrogen-induced proteins of rat uterus as the BB isoenzyme of creatine kinase.
J. Biol. Chem. 256, 5741-5749 (1981)

T.M. Robinson, D.A.Sewell, E.A. Hultman, and P.L.Greenhaff.
Role of submaximal exercise in promoting creatine and glycogen accumulation in human skeletal muscle.
J. Appl. Physiol. 87, 598-604 (1999)

M.Y. Ruda, M.B. Samarenko, N.I. Afonskaya, and V. A. Saks.
Reduction of ventricular arrhythmias by phosphocreatine (Neoton) in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Am. Heart. J. 116, 393-397 (1988)

V.A. Saks, and R. Ventura-Clapier.
Cellular Bioenergetics: role of coupled creatine kinase.
Mol. Cell. Biochem. 133/134 (1994)

I. Sipilä, J. Rapola, O. Simell and A. Vannas.
Supplementary creatine as a treatment for gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina.
New England J. Med. 304, 876-870 (1981)

U. Schlattner, M. Forstner, M. Eder, O. Stachowiak, K. Fritz-Wolf and T. Wallimann.
Functional aspects of the X-ray structure of mitochondrial creatine kinase: a molecular physiology approach.
Mol. Cell Biochem. 184, 125-140 (1998)

U. Schlattner, N. Möckli, O. Speer, S. Werner and T. Wallimann.
Creatine kinase and creatine transporter in normal, wounded and diseased skin.
J. Invest. Dermatology 118, 416-423 (2002)

S.A. Smith, S.J. Montain, R.P. Matott, G.P. Zientara, F.A. Jolesz, and R.A. Fielding.
Creatine supplementation and age influence muscle metabolism during exercise.
J. Applied Physiol. 85, 1349-1356 (1998)

K. Steeghs et al., and B.Wieringa.
Altered calcium homeostasis in muscles with combined mitochondrial and cytosolic CK deficiencies.
Cell 89, 93-103 (1997)

S. Stöckler, D. Isbrandt, F. Hanefeld, B. Schmidt and K. von Figura.
Guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency: the first inborn error of creatine metabolism in man.
Am. J. Hum. Genet 58, 914-922 (1996)

T. Takeuchi, A. Fujita,, T. Ishii, N. Nishio, and F. Hata.
Necessity of newly synthesized ATP by creatine kinase for contraction of permeabilized longitudinal muscle preparations of rat proximal colon.
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therapeut. 257, 429-434 (1995)

M.A.Tarnopolsky, B.D. Roy and J.R. MacDonald.
Randomized, controlled trial of creatine monohydrate in patients with mitochondrial cytopathies.
Muscle and Nerve 20, 1502-1509 (1997)

M. Tarnopolsky and J. Martin.
Creatine monohydrate increases strength in patients with neuromuscular diease.
Neurology 52, 854-857 (1999)

B.A, Teicher, K. Menon, D. Northey, J.Liu, D.W. Kufe and R. Kaddurah-Daouk.
Cyclocreatine in cancer chemotherapy.
Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 35, 411-416 (1995)

M.F. Thomure, M.J Gast, N. Srivastava, and M.R. Payne.
Regulation of creatine kinase isoenzymes in human placenta during early, mid-, and late gestation.
J. Soc. Gynecol. Invest. 3, 322-327 (1996)

L. Tronconi and V. Saks.
Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharamcology of Creatine Phosphate.
Volume of the Internatl. Meeting on Phosphocreatine in Cardiology and Cardiac-Surgery April 14-15th 1989 (Tronconi, L., and Saks, V. eds.)
I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo Divisione di Cardiologia University di PAVIA Press (1989)


K. Vandenberghe, N. Gillis, M. Van Leemputte, P.Van Hecke, F. Vanstapel, and P. Hespel.
Caffeine counteracts the ergogenic action of muscle creatine loading.
J. Appl. Physiol. 80, 452-457 (1996)

K. Vandenberghe, M. Goris, P. Van Hecke, M. Van Leemputte, L. Vangerven, and P. Hespel.
Long-term creatine intake is beneficial to muscle performance during resistance training.
J. Appl. Physiol. 83, 2055-2063 (1997)

F. van Dorsten, M. Wyss, T. Wallimann, and K. Nicolay.
Activation of sea-urchin sperm motility is accompanied by an increase in the creatine kinase exchange flux.
Biochem. J. 325, 411-416 (1997)

J.S. Volek, N.D. Duncan, S.A. Mazzetti, R.S. Staron, M. Putukian, A.L. Gomez, D.R, Pearson, W.J. Fink and W.J. Kraemer (1999).
Performance and muscle fiber adaptations to creatine supplementation and heavy resistance training.
Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 31, 1147-1156

T. Wallimann, M. Wyss, D. Brdiczka, K. Nicolay and H.M. Eppenberger.
Intracellular compartmentation, structure and function of creatine kinase isoenzymes in tissues with high and fluctuating energy demands: the phosphocreatine circuit for cellular energy homeostasis.
Biochem. J. 281, 21-40 (1992)

T. Wallimann and W. Hemmer.
Creatine kinase in non-muscle tissues and cells.
Mol. Cell. Biochem. 133/134, 193-220 (1994)

T. Wallimann.
Einnahme von Kreatin als mögliche Hilfstherapie für Patienten mit verschiedenen neuro-muskulären Erkrankungen.
Mitteilungsblatt der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für Muskelkranke Nr. 41, 6-9 (1997)

T. Wallimann und Max Brönnimann.
Kreatin: Durchbruch in der Behandlung von neuromuskulären Krankheiten?
Mitteilungsblatt der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für Muskelkranke Nr 43, 3-11 (1997)

T. Wallimann, M. Dolder, U. Schlattner, M. Eder, T. Hornemann, E.O'Gorman, A. Rück and D. Brdiczka.
Some new aspects of creatine kinase (CK): compartmentation, structure, function and regulation for cellular and mitochondrial bioenergetics and physiology.
BioFactors 8, 229-234 (1998a)

T. Wallimann, M. Dolder, U. Schlattner, M. Eder, T. Hornemann, T. Kraft and M. Stolz.
Creatine kinase: An enzyme with a central role in cellular energy metabolism.
Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine 6, 116-119 (1998b)

M.C. Walter, H. Lochmüller, M.Hartard, P.Reilich, D.Pongratz und W. Müller-Felber,.
Creatine monohydrate in muscular dystrophies: a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study.
Neurology, 52, Suppl. 2, A543 (1999)

M. Wyss and T. Wallimann.
Creatine metabolism and the consequences of creatine depletion in muscle.
Mol. and Cell. Biochem. 133/134, 51-66 (1994)